Location & Geography
The Galapagos Islands are located in the Pacific Ocean, about 620 miles west of the Ecuadorian coastline and along the equator. The islands are of volcanic origin and sit at the junction of the Nazca and Cocos tectonic plates. 13 major islands, 16 islets and 47 rocks, with a total population of 10,000 inhabitants form this unique archipelago where rare ecosystems of unusual flora and fauna co-exist.

     Volcanic activity gave rise to the Galapagos approximately 3 million years ago. Evidence of current vocanic activity can be seen on Isabela and Fernandina Islands, both of which have volcanos which are still smoking. As one sails from east to west, one encounters progressively newer islands. The volcanic activity is characterized by constant stream of molten lava gradually gliding down to the sea, rather than by sudden violent eruptions. The highest peak in the islands is Cerro Azul on Isabela (14,800 ft from the ocean floor). Near Floreana Island is a sunken crater, with peaks along its circular rim sticking out of the ocean and dubbed The Devil's Crown.

The Charles Darwin Research Institute was created in 1959 on Santa Cruz Island. The station is in charge of research regarding the endemic species of the islands and plays an important role in the administration of the National Park. Because of its unique flora and fauna, UNESCO has proclaimed the Galapagos Islands "Natural Patrimony of Mankind".

The Galapagos Islands and Its Flora & Fauna

The unique flora and fauna of the Galapagos is renowned for its diversity and because the islands constitute a natural laboratory in which the evolution of the species through natural selection can be studied.

The reptile, bird and marine life of the islands is extremely rich. However, due to the rocky nature of the islands, only spiny or very spindly vegetation grows in the lower altitudes. On recent lava flows, there is no vegetation at all. Trees that grow below 660 ft. have only few small leaves. On the foothills, there are algarrobos (carob trees), and bushes known as palo santo.

Climate
Galapagos is hot & humid with frequent afternoon showers. This time is also the best time to travel to the Galapagos due to warmer water temperatures. The climate of the Galapagos Islands is influenced by the location along the equator, the cold Humboldt ocean current flowing up from Antarctica, the annual El Niño climatic phenomenon and the mountains of the larger islands which trap moisture from the prevailing ocean winds. However, the islands are very dry due to hard, impermeable basalt and the equatorial heat.

Water Temperatures: December through May Averages 75 F Warmest and most ideal for diving February to April

June - November: Temperature Range from low 60's to high 70's.

Cooler & drier in Ecuador and the Galapagos almost everywhere. Best time to travel on Ecuador mainland.

In the Galapagos, strong south easterly winds usually present between July & October. Rougher seas present in September & October. Some fog and mist.

Water Temperatures: June through November Averages 70 F Coldest in August and September